Churn and butter-worker



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. G; 3. BROWN 82: F. B. FARGO. GHURN ANDBUTTER WORKER No. 537,600. ,Pat'entdApr-ylfi, 1895.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

0. S. BROWNS; 1?. B. FARGO.

0111mm AND BUTTER WORKER.

No. 537,600. 7 PatentedApr.16,1'895.'

(No Model.) 4 Sh eetsSheet 3.

6 S. BROWN 85 F. B. FARGO. GHURN AND BUTTER WORKER.

No. 537,600. Patented Apr. 16, 1895.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. G. S. BROWN & F. B. FARGO. GHUBN ANDBUTTER WORKER Patented Apr. 16, 1895.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES S. BROWN AND FRANK B. FARGO, OF LAKE MI LLS, WISCONSIN.

CHURN AND BUTTER-WORKER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 537,600, dated April16,1895.

Application filed July II 1894. Serial No. 517,197. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, CHARLES S. BROW and FRANK B. FARGO, of Lake Mills,in the county of Jefferson and State of Wisconsin, have inyenteda newand useful Improvement in Churns 0r Butter-Workers, of which thefollowing is a description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which are a part of this specification.

The object of our invention is to provide a suitably organized andeasily operated machine, strong and durable in all its parts, andespecially adapted in every respect for use at will either as a churn oras a butter worker.

The invention consists of the machine and its several parts andcombinations as hereinafter described and claimed, but anything hereinstated is not to be construed as depriving us of our right to protectionhereunder for equivalent devices, and of the right to use these devicesand their equivalents for every purpose for which they are adapted,notwithstanding no mention of such equivalents is herein otherwise made.

In the drawings, Figure 1, is an elevation of the complete machine. Fig.2, is an elevation of the front end of the machine, the end seen at theright in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, is a central horizontal, transverse section ofa fragment of the cylinder or case of the churn, and a plan view of themechanism for operating it, located at the front end of the machine.Fig. 4:, is a transverse section medially 0f the case of the churn, andof the mechanism therein. Fig. 5, is a plan of the mechanism at the rearend of the machine, being that at the left in Fig. 1, in connection witha fragment of the head of the case or cylinder, and of the rollerstherein. Fig. 6, is a vertical section of mechanism shown in plan inFig. 3.

Fig. 7, isa detail, mostly in section of a valve used in the case of thecylinder, for permitting the escape of milk or water therefrom. Fig. 8,is a modification of mechanism shown in Fig. 6.

In the drawings A is a frame, of suitable size and proportions tosupport the operative mechanism.

The brackets B B B at the front and rear of the machine respectively,are secured rigidly to the main frame and are practically parts of theframe as are also the frames 0 C fixed on the brackets B B and B.

The cylindrical case 10 is provided with short hollow cylindricalgudgeons 11, 11, of less diameter, respectively, than the case, one ateach end, secured centrally to the respective heads of the case, bywhich gudgeons the case is supported revolubly. Near theirouterextremities these gudgeons are each provided with an annular rib 12.

A plurality of idle wheels or rollers 13 are axled on the frame A, andare provided with peripheral grooves adapted to receive therein the ribs12 on the respective gudgeons 11. These rollers 13 are disposed in theplanes of the ribs 12 about the lower halves of the gudgeons, and areadapted to support the gudgeons and the case affixed thereto, revolublythereon. The ribs 12 traveling in the rollers 13, prevent endwisemovement of the cylindrical case. These gudgeons are secured to theheads of the drum or case liquid tight about and inclosing aperturestherethrough, the gudgeons projecting laterally from the heads,inclosing circumferentially and protecting the passages therethroughinto the drum. The case is also provided with longitudinal ledges orbuckets 14 secured to the inner surface of the case, which are providedwith apertures 15 adjacent to the case, the buckets being adapted by therevolution of the case to agitate the milk when the machine is used as achurn, and to elevate the butter to the top of the case, when themachine is used as a butter worker.

The apertures 15 are adapted to permit of the escape of water from thebuckets when the machine is being used as a butter worker.

An aperture in the side of the case, normally closed by the removabledoor 16, is provided, which is adapted for inserting and removing themilk, cream or butter, to orfrom the case. Bails l7 hinged on the casefold down on the door when in place, and being secured by the catches 18swiveled on the door, serve to retain the door detachably in place.

For rotating the case, an annular rack 19 fixed on the front end of thecase concentrically, meshes with a wheel 20 fixed on the shaft 21 whichis journaled in the frame 0. This shaft 21 is provided with a large spurwheel 22 and a smaller spur wheel 23. -These two spur wheels are looseon the shaft 21 at a little distance apart, and a clutch 24 splined onthe shaftis adapted to be put into engagement with one or the other ofthe spur wheels, at the will of the operator. For shifting the clutch 24a lever handle 25 pivoted medially on the non-movable collar D rides atone extremity in an annular channel thereforin the clutch 24. The handle25 is slightly elastic and is so disposed as to spring into recessestherefor in the fixed rack 26 and thereby to be locked in position,securing the clutch 24 in engagement with one or the other of the spurwheels 22 or 23. The driving shaft 27 journaled in the frame 0 isprovided with fast and loose pulleys 28, 28' respectively, through whichit is belted to the power supply. The shaft 27 is also provided with thelarge and the small spur wheels 29 and 30 which mesh with the loosewheels 23 and 22 respectively. This construction is adapted for rotatingthe case 10 rapidly, as is desirable when the machine is used as achurn, or slowly at the will of the operator, as is desirable when themachine is used for a butter worker. As shown in Fig. 3 the clutch 24 isin engagement with the larger wheel 22 on shaft 21, and when sodisposed, the case is rotated slowly in the manner adapted for workingbutter.

For the purpose of still more thoroughly agitating the milk when themachine is being used as a churn, and for compressing the butter andexpressing the water therefrom, when the machine is being used as abutter worker, two longitudinally and deeply corrugated rollers 31substantially as long as the interior of the case are mounted in thecase, parallel with its axis and substantially centrally thereof. Thejournals 32 of these rollers have their bearings in the extremities ofthe cross heads 33, said cross heads being provided medially with hollowaxles 34 which have their hearings in the frames 0 C respectively. Bythis construction the rollers 31 are adapted to revolve on their ownaxes in the cross heads 33, and to be whirled about the axis of thecross heads, which is parallel with, intermediate of, and equidistantfrom the axes of the rollers. Spur wheels 35 fixed respectively on thejournals 32 mesh with each other, and one of these wheels is adapted tomesh with the pinion 36 splined on the shaft 27, whereby the rollers 31may be rotated from the driving shaft.

A lever handle 37 pivoted medially on the bracket B is pivoted atoneextremity to a bar 38, which bar is secured to the frame 0 so as to movethereon parallel with the shaft 27, and at its other extremity isprovided with fingers which ride in an annular groove therefor in thehub of the pinion 36, whereby by the shifting of the bar 38 by means ofthe lever handle 37, the pinion 35 is slipped into or out of mesh withthe spur wheel 36. The lever handle 37 is slightly elastic and isadapted to spring into recesses therefor in the rack 26, whereby it islocked in position.

Collars 39 secured adjustably to the journals 32 at the rear of themachine bear against the faces of the cross head 33, and collars 39interposed between the faces of the cross head 33 and the wheels 35, atthe front end of the machine, prevent the endwise movement of therollers 31.

The apertures into the case through the gudgeons 11, are normally closedby the adjustable disk heads 40, which are let into recesses therefor inthe ends of the case and bear movably or tightly as desired against theinner ends of the gudgeons ll, cork gaskets 41 being fixed in annulargrooves therefor in the inner ends of the gudgeons, and projectingtherefrom, receive the bearings of the disk heads and form fluid-tightjoints. The journals 32 pass movably, and water tight through the headsin stuffing boxes 42. The disk heads 40 are made adjustable and are heldmore or less tightly'to the gudgeons 11 by means of devices consistingof rods 43 pivoted at one extremity to ears fixed on the disks, and atthe other extremity to the outer ends of transverse bars 44 eachprovided with a rigid centrally affixed stem or arbor 45, projecting atright angles thereto, which arbors are journaled near the bars 44 in thehollow axles 34 and at their extremities are journaled in the frame 0.Milled nuts 46 turning by screw threads on the arbors against thesleeve-axles 34 respectively, are adapted to draw the disk heads 40 moreor less tightly against the inner ends of the gudgeons 11, as desired.Transverse pins 47 fixed in the arbors 45 and projecting therefrom intolongitudinal recesses in the sleeve axles 34, compel concurrentrevolution of the sleeve axles and the arbors, while permitting alimited amount of end wise movement, with reference to each other.Clutches 48 splined on the arbors 45 are adapted to be put intoengagement with the frames 0, C respectively, and thereby hold thearbors 45 and the devices connected thereto, against rotation. The leverhandle 25 at the front end of the machine, and the lever handle 25 atthe rear end of the machine are each provided with a finger whichextends partially around the hub of the clutch, and pins inserted in thelovers and in the fingers, ride in annular grooves therefor in the hubsof the clutches, whereby the levers are adapted for sliding the clutchesinto and out of engagement with the frames 0 C. The lever handle 25' ispivoted at one extremity on the frame 0 and a pin 49 fixed in the frameis adapted to be engaged either at one side or the other by the leverhandle near its other extremity which is therebylocked in position,whereby the clutch 48 at that end of the machine is locked in or out ofengagement with the bracket. These clutches 48 are used to lock therollers 31 against whirling around each other in the case, and in ahorizontal plane with reference to each other, when the machine is beingused as a butter worker. When the machine is being used as a churn theseclutches are released and the rollers 31 are permitted to whirl with thecase about each other. When used as a butter worker the pinion 36 isthrown into mesh with the wheel 35 and the rollers 31 are revolved. Whenused as a churn the pinion 36 is thrown out of mesh with the wheel 35,and out of the plane of its whirling movement.

When the machine is being used as a butter worker the revolution of thecase carries the butter upwardly therewith on the buckets 14 nearly tothe top, when it falls therefrom on the rollers 31 which are revolvinginwardly at the top and thereby the butter is carried down between therollers and so far compressed by passing between them as to force outthe water contained therein. As the butter falling from the buckets 15would not always fall on to the rollers 31 without being guided thereto,we provide two longitudinal bars 50 preferably square in cross section,which bars are located just above and one at each side of the verticalouter plane of each roller, which serve as the walls of a hopper toguide the butter falling from above on to the rollers 31. These bars arerevoluble, being pivoted at their respective ends in plates 51 fixed atone side of the journals of the rollers, on the disk heads 40. Inadjusting the machine for use as a butter worker these bars 50 arewhirled about the axis of the hollow axles 34 until they are in thepositions shown in Fig. 4, and are then locked in place by the clutches48, in the manner herein before described. VVhen the machine is in useas a churn these bars whirl around with the rollers 31 and assist inagitating the contents of the churn.

For the purpose of allowing the butter milk or water, or both to escapefrom the case when the machine is being used as a butter worker, aseries of apertures closed by automatically operating valves 52 areprovided in the case. These apertures are arranged at a little distanceapart in an annular line about the case. Each aperture is provided witha bushing 53, and a nut 54, which turns by screw thread on the bushingagainst the exterior of the case and holds the bushing in place. Thebushing is provided interiorly with a cross bar 55, and the nut isprovided with a transverse yoke 56. The valve 52 rests against the innerend of the bushing 53, and is provided with a stem 57 which passesthrough apertures therefor in the bar 55 and in the yoke 56 whereby themovements of the of the case, when being used as a butter" worker, cometo the bottom, a valve-lifting plate 60 is provided, which consists ofan elongated plate or strap, the upper surface of which isin an arccorrespondingsubstantially with the arc of the case, exceptthat its endsare turned slightly outwardly therefrom, is mounted on the radiatingarms of arock-shaft 61, which rock-shaft is journaled on the frame, andis provided witha radially projecting pedal 62 for oscillating it. Theplate 60 is located near the case 10 and is adapted to be lifted intothe path of the valve stems 57, so that, when in this position the valvestems, as the case rotates will contact with the plate and be liftedthereby opening the valves, during the time they are passing oppositethe plate, the springs 58 acting to close the valves as soon as they arereleased from the plate 60. Normally the plate 6 0 by its. gravity fallsout of the path of the stems'57, but by means of the pedal 62 the plateis readily lifted into the path of the stems 57 and is held there byswinging the shank of the pedal into engagement with oneor the other ofthe teeth of the rack 63, fixed on the frame. The pedal 62 may have aslight lateral play to adapt it for engaging and being released from therack 63, or a slight elasticity in the stem will accomplish the sameresult.

The collar D loose on shaft 27, is prevented from moving endwise by theadjacent wheels 29 and 30, fixed on the shaft.

The rods 43 hinged to the heads 46 and to the bars 44 provided witharbors 45, form therewith flexible apparatuses for securing the heads tothe case, that permit the heads to adjust themselves to their seats,even when the parts are warped or twisted slightly out of correct form.

It will be noted that by constructing the drum with apertures throughits heads centrally and putting in the therefrom laterally projectinghollow cylindrical gudgeons 11 which form protected passagestherethrough drum centrally, are unoccupied by any structure forsupporting the drum, and these spaces can be utilized freely by devicesfor supporting and operating the rollers 31 located in the drum, thejournals of which project through said gudgeons 11.

-In the modified form of device shown in Fig. 8 a finger 64 rigid on thenut 46 rides in the clutch 48 and serves by the rotation of the nut toslip the clutch into and out of engagement with the frame 0. This finger64 obviates the use ofthe lever handle 25 in connection with the clutch48. A like finger can be used in connection with the nut 46 at the otherend of the machine and thereby obviate the use of the lever handle 25'.As it is desirable always to move the clutch 48 and the nut 46concurrently along the arbor 45, this form of connection between the twois convenient and desirable. In this form of device the pin 47' is shownas fixed in the sleeve axle 34 and as being loose in an elongated slotin the arbor 45, instead of being fixed in the arbor 45 and loose in aslot in the sleeve axle as shown in Fig. 6 in the other form of device.The two forms are deemed equivalents of each other.

\Vhat We claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. The combination of a frame, a revoluble cylindrical case, hollowcylindrical gudgeons of less diameter than the case fixed concentricallyin and projecting from the heads forming circumferentially inclosed andprotected passages through its ends to the interior of the case, loosedisk heads arranged to be clamped to the ends of the case over the innerends of the passage through the gudgeons, means in and in front of saidinclosed passages for clamping the disk heads to the heads of the case,exterior annular ribs on said gudgeons near their outer ends, androllers axled on the frame, said rollers being provided with peripheralgrooves in which the ribs on the gudgeons are received and travel,whereby the case is supported revolubly and against endwise movement, bymeans beneath the hollow gudgeons leaving the space in front of theopenings through the heads free for devices for clamping the disk headsand actuating the butter-working rollers, substantially as described.

2. The combination of frame, a revoluble cylindrical case, hollowcylindrical gudgeons of less diameter than the case fixed concentricallyin and projecting from the heads forming circumferentially inclosed andprotected passages through its ends to the interior of the case, loosedisk heads arranged to be clamped to the ends of the case over the innerends of the passages through the gudgoons, means in and in front of saidinclosed passages for clamping the disk heads to the heads of the case,exterior annular ribs on said gudgeons near their ends, peripherallygrooved wheels revoluble on the frame on which wheels the gudgeons aresupported and rotate and in the grooves in which said ribs are receivedand travel, an annular rack fixed on the end of the case, and a drivingwheel meshing with the rack whereby the case is revolved, the gudgeonsextending beyond the rack and pinion, whereby the case is supported androtated by means about or at the sides of the gudgeons, leaving thespace in front of the openings through the gudgeons, free for devicesfor clamping the loose diskheads and for actuating the butter-workingrollers, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a frame, of a hollow case revoluble on the frameand having apertures centrally through the ends of the case, two rollerswithin and'substantially as long as the chamber of the case, saidrollers being disposed near to each other and parallel with the axis ofthe case, spur wheels on the journals of the rollers meshing with eachother and with a wheel on a driving shaft and means for rotating thecase from the driving shaft, said means of driving the rollers beingindependent of the means for rotating the case, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination with a frame, of a hollow case, hollow cylindricalgudgeons of less diameter than the case fixed in the ends thereof andprojecting laterally therefrom.

forming circumferentially inclosed and protected passages to theinterior of the case said gudgeons being mounted revolubly on the frame,a plurality of rollers in the case parallel with the gudgeons thereof,the journals of which rollers extend in the hollow chamber of thegudgeons through the gudgeons longitudinally, cross heads outside of thecase and of the gudgeons axled independently of the case gudgeonscentrally on the frame, in the extremities of which cross heads the journals of the rollers respectively have their bearings, substantiallyas described.

5. The combination with a frame, of a hollow case, hollow cylindricalgudgeons fixed in the ends of the case and projecting late-rallytherefrom forming circumferentially inclosed and protected passagestherethrough into the case said gudgeons being mounted revolubly on theframe, a plurality of rollers in the case parallel with the axis thereofthe journals of which rollers extend in the hollow chamber of thegudgeons through the gudgeons longitudinally, cross heads outside of thecase and of the gudgeons axled independently of the case gudgeonscentrally on the frame, in the extremities of which cross heads thejournals of the rollers respectively have their bearings, and spurwheels on the journals of the rollers outside the case, which spurwheels mesh with each other and with a pinion on a driven shaft,substantially as described.

6. The combination with a frame, of a hollow case, hollow gudgeons fixedin the ends of the case, a plurality of rollers in the case parallelwith the axis thereof, cross heads axled centrally on the frame in theextremities of which cross heads the journals of the rollersrespectively have their bearings, spur wheels on the journals of therollers, which spur wheels mesh with each other, and a pinion splined ona driving shaft adapted to be put in mesh with one of the spur wheels onthe journal of a'roller, and means for shifting the pinion into and outof gear, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a hollow case having central apertures in theheads thereof, of disk-heads fitted loosely in the apertures and adaptedby being clamped to the heads of the case to close the apertures watertight, rods connecting said loose heads severally to the arms oftransverse bars, said bars, an arbor projecting centrally from each ofsaid bars,

rollers in said case, other transverse bars one at each end of the casein which latter bars the rollers are journaled and against which saidjournals bear preventing endwise movement thereof relatively, and nutsat both ends of the machine turning on said arbors against saidjournal-carrying bars, whereby the diskheads are clamped to thecase-heads through said nuts by thrust against the journals of therollers outside the heads of the case, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a hollow case having hollow gudgeons in the endsthereof, of disk heads fitted in the ends of the case against the innerends of the gudgeons, rods connecting said heads to the arms oftransverse bars, said bars, a stem or arbor projecting centrally fromeach transverse bar, and nuts turning by screw thread on the arborsagainst relatively fixed supports, adapted to draw the heads to theirseats against the ends of the gudgeons, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a hollow case having hollow gudgeons in the endsthereof, of disk heads fitted in the ends of the case against the innerends of the gudgeons, rods connecting said heads to the arms oftransverse bars, said bars, a stem or arbor projecting centrally fromeach transverse bar, clutches splined on the arbors adapted to engage afixed support and means substantially as described for shifting theclutches.

10. The combination with a frame, and a hollow case having hollowgudgeons in the ends thereof, of a plurality of rollers in and disposedlongitudinally of the case, cross heads in the lateral extremities ofwhich the rollers are j ournaled, said cross heads having centrallyprojecting hollow axles j ournaled in the frame, heads in the ends ofthe casebearin g against the ends of the gudgeons and closing theaperturestherethrough, arbors connected to said heads, said arborspassing concentrically with said sleeve axles therethrough, pins in thearbors projecting into slots in the sleeve axles and compellingconcurrent revolution therewith, and nuts turning by screw thread onthearbors against the sleeve axles adapted to draw the heads to theirseats, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a frame, and a hollow casehaving hollowgudgeons in the ends thereof, of a plurality of rollers in and disposedlongitudinally of the case, cross heads in the lateral extremities ofwhich the rollers are j ournaled, said cross heads having centrallyprojecting hollow axles journaled in the frame, heads in the ends of thecase hearing against the ends of the gudgeons and closing the aperturestherethrough, arbors connected to said heads, said arbors passingthrough said sleeve axles, concentrically therewith, pins in the arborsprojecting into slots in the sleeve axles and compelling concurrentrevolution therewith, and a clutch splined on the arbor adapted toengage a fixed support and prevent the revolution of the arbor and theparts connected thereto, substantially as described.

12. The combination with a revolnble case, of heads in the ends of thecase for closing apertures therein, means for releasably clamping theheads to the ends of the case so that they shall rotate therewith, aplurality of rollers in the case parallel with the axis thereof thejournals of which rollers pass through said heads and rotate or remainstationary with said heads, bars alongside and above said rollers whenthe heads are stationary, said bars being mounted in plates affixed tosaid heads, and means for rotating the case and the rollersindependently, substantially as described.

13. In a butter worker, the combination with a revolnble case, of aseries of spring actuated valves arranged annular-1y in the case andclosing outwardly, said valves being provided with outwardly projectingstems, a rock-shaft mounted in a fixed support, and having radial arms aplate so mounted on the radial arms on the rock shaft as by theoscillating of the rock shaft to be put in the path of the stems of thevalves when the case revolves,

ICC

volve about the axis of the case, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES S. BROWVN. FRANK B. FARGO.

Witnesses:

O. F. GREENWOOD, OHAs. S. GREENWOOD.

